Beginner Guide

How to Read Ukulele Chords: A Beginner's Complete Guide

Everything you need to know about reading Ukulele chord diagrams, chord names, and chord charts in songs. This guide covers the essentials for absolute beginners.

1 Understanding Ukulele Chord Diagrams

A ukulele chord diagram shows a simplified view of the fretboard with 4 strings instead of 6.

What Each Element Means

Vertical lines
The 4 strings — G, C, E, A from left to right
Horizontal lines
The frets on the neck
Black dots
Where to place your fingers
Numbers inside dots
Which finger to use: 1=index, 2=middle, 3=ring, 4=pinky
O above a string
Play that string open (unfretted)
X above a string
Don't play that string

2 Reading Ukulele Chord Names

Chord names tell you a lot about how they sound before you even play them.

Notation Examples Sound
C, F, G, A Major chords happy
Am, Em, Dm Minor chords (+m) sad
G7, C7, D7 Dominant 7th (+7) bluesy
Cmaj7, Fmaj7 Major 7th (+maj7) dreamy
Dsus2, Asus4 Suspended (+sus) unresolved
Bdim Diminished (+dim) tense

3 Reading Chord Charts in Songs

When you see chords written above lyrics, it looks like this:

Example — Somewhere Over the Rainbow
[C]Somewhere [Em]over the [Am]rainbow
  • Start playing C when you sing "Somewhere"
  • Switch to Em on "over"
  • Switch to Am on "rainbow"
Key tip: The chord change happens right at the syllable it’s placed above — not before, not after.

4 Ukulele Tuning

Standard ukulele tuning is G-C-E-A (from top string to bottom when holding). The G string is actually higher pitched than C and E — this is called re-entrant tuning and gives the ukulele its distinctive bright sound.

5 The Island Strum Pattern

The most popular ukulele pattern. Creates a lilting, rhythmic feel that sounds authentically Hawaiian.

D
D
U
U
D
U

6 Essential Ukulele Chords

You only need a handful of chords to play most popular songs. Start with these:

C
Major
Am
Minor
F
Major
G
Major
Em
Minor
Dm
Minor
A
Major
D
Major